A Telanganite

Deprived Telangana by Andhra Rulers

In 1956 during The Reorganisation of the Indian States, Hyderabad was split up between Andhra Pradesh,Maharashtra & Karnataka. Administratively, Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen districts, grouped into four divisions.
Aurangabad division:
Aurangabad, Beed, Nander, and Parbhani districts;

Gulbargah (Gulbargah) division:
Bidar District, Gulbarga, Osmanabad District, and Raichur District;

Medak division:
Atraf-i-Baldah, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda and Nizamabad districts.

Warangal division:
Adilabad, Karimnagar, and Warangal districts(Kammam was part of Warangal till - 1st October, 1953)

In 1948, with police action against Razakars, Hyderabad state become part of indian union. It was a separate state from 1948 to 1956.

After the Police Action, Hyderabad remained under military rule for a couple of years under General J N Chaudhary. In June 1950, a civilian government was formed with M K Vellodi as chief minister. In 1952, general elections were held and a popular Congress government under the chief ministership of Burugula Ramakrishna Rao was formed.

This is to address that Telangana state was there before with its own identity and Hyderabad as state capital.
Andhra State:

Andhra State was a state in India created on October 1, 1953 from the Telugu-speaking northern districts of Madras Presidency.

In an effort to protect the interests of the Telugu people of Madras state, Potti Sriramulu attempted to force the Madras state government to listen to public demands for the separation of Telugu speaking districts(Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra) from Madras state to form the Andhra state. On the midnight of 15 December (i.e. early 16 December 1952), Potti Sreeramulu died before achieving his objective.

The popular agitation continued for three to four days disrupting normal life in Madras and Andhra regions. On the basis of an agitation, on October 1, 1953, 11 districts in the Telugu-speaking portion of Madras State voted to become the new state of Andhra State with Kurnool as the capital. Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu became first Chief Minister of thus formed Telugu (Andhra) State.

Some noticiable facts After the state formation :

There was no proper capital city for newly formed Andhra State, Madra state refused to share the Madras as a capital with Andhra State. Andhra people faught for separate state but they forget about the capital city, Govt of India so delayed the formation, finally Andhra congress leader agreed to have no capital city sharing.
They do not have any place which is capable of holding Capital City resources. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy demanded Karnool to be a capital city otherwise they were not willing to join andhra state rather continue with Madras state.
There is Net revenue to continue or manage the state operations, that time Andhra state revenue was 22 crores (per year), in which 20 crores they were spending to run the government itself, means what about others – irrigation, agriculture, roads, eletricity, loans to formers etc..
There is no place to put the Govt officials, rather they continued to provide facilities by giving rents in Madras.
They spent about crores to build the capital city, even its not capable of running the government, no secretarate building, no hi-court, etc. Creation of state capital is “The biggest” problem of the andhra state.


Struggle for merge with Hyderabad State to form AP by Andhra leaders:


In December 1953, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed the States Reorganization Commission to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines. This was headed by Justice Fazal Ali and the commission itself was also known as the Fazal Ali Commission.

Fazal Ali Commission Says (in favour of separate for Telangana):

o The existing Andhra State is facing a financial problem as it got low per capita revenue compared to Telangana and on ther other hand, Telangana is much less likely to be faced with financial embarrassment. Telangana has got much higher incidence of land revenue and an excise revenue.
o Telangana leaders seem to fear that the result of uniting will be to exchange/transfer/shared of settled sources of revenue and funds to overcome the financial uncertainty of Andhra which it is facing currently.
o Telangana claims to be progressive and from an administrative point of view, unification it is contended is not likely to confer any benefits on this area.
o When plans for future development are taken into account, Telangana fears that the claims of this area may not receive adequate consideration in Vishalandhra.
o One of the principal causes of opposition of Vishalandhra also seems to be the apprehension felt by the educationally backward people of Telangana that they may be swamped and exploited by the more advanced people of the coastal areas.
o In the Telangana districts outside the city of Hyderabad, education is woefully backward. And Educationally less qualified than Andhra, so there is less chances of opting public services compared to Andhra region people, fear of the Telangana people that, they will be ill-treated, forcing bossism upon them and may be converted into a colonial rule by coastal Andhra.
o “The Telangana” it has further been argued, can be stable and viable, unit considered by itself. The revenue receipts of this area on current account have been estimated at about Rs. 17 crores, and although the financing of the Krishna and Godavari projects will impose a recurring burden on the new State by way of interest charges, the probable deficit, if any is unlikely to be large. In favorable conditions, the revenue budget may even be balanced or indicate a marginal surplus. This fairly optimistic forecast can be explained or justified by a variety of reasons.
o One important reason is, of course, that the existing Hyderabad State and Telangana as part of Hyderabad have benefited considerably from the implementation from April 1952, of the Finance Commissions' recommendations. The increase in central payments from out of the divisible pools of income-tax and Central excise which has been possible under the present arrangements and the reduction in police expenditure for which credit can be taken., as the situation in Telangana improves, more or less offset the loss on account of the abolition of internal customs duties, and if the scope which exists of raising the yield of certain State heads of revenue is fully explored, the financial position of Telangana need not cause anxiety.

Fazal Ali commision clear says Telangana/Hyderabad state can be treated independent, we can name it as “Hyderbad State”. However, you can form vishalandra if 2/3 majority of Legislature of Hyderabad expresses their favor towards unification.
Andhra leaders views on Uniting Telangana:

With Fazal Ali commision, Vishalandra leaders completely dis-satisfied and lost hopes with SRC and started playing cruel politics for unification and ready to give any kind of assurances to Telangana safegaurds. Their aim to get united and save their socia-economic situation.

“If unification of Andhra and Telangana delayed to till 1961, it never be possible rather more strong possibilities of separate Telangana state. They is no possibilities of getting 2/3 majority favor towards vishalandra”.
They Stated “Unification will not lead any problem in their development, they will no regional imbalances and disparities”.

Who is going benefited with Vishalandra????

Ofcourse Andhra – a ready made and fulfledged Capital City, Improvements in Socio – Economic situation, bringing the Krishna and Godavari river basins under unified control, the trade affiliations between Telangana and Andhra.

Observe that they never brought the point of uniting the Telugu speaking people, their aim was only on Telangana resources.

Andhra Leader at that time – Kasu Brahmanda Reddy, Bezawada Gopal Reddy, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, Vavilala Gopala Krishnayya, Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao started playing politics with Telangana state leaders – Burugu Ramakrishna Rao, Marri Chenna Reddy etc. they brought force from Central Govt to unite, because they got full influences with Central Leader as they were part of the party since freedom fight days.




Gentlemen Agreement:
Gentlemen’s Agreement that is signed between Telangana and Andhra leaders before the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956.
This is to address that the formation of Vishalandra is a “conditional”(sharathu tho kudina) agreement, if fail to do so, we can be separated, so telangana leader assumed that, we will have our state in the event of not fulfulling the conditions by AP.
1. There will be one legislature for the whole of Andhra Pradesh which will be the sole law making body for the entire state and there be one Governor for the State aided and advised by the Council of Ministers responsible to the State Assembly for the entire field of Administration.
2. For the more convenient transaction of the business of Government with regard to some specified matters the Telangana area will be treated as one region.
3. For the Telangana region there will be a Regional Standing Committee of the state assembly consisting of the members of the State Assembly belonging to that region including the Ministers from that region but not including the Chief Minister.
4. Legislation relating to specified matters will be referred to the Regional committee. In respect of specified matters proposals may also be made by the Regional Committee to the State Government for legislation or with regard to the question of general policy not involving any financial commitments other than expenditure of a routine and incidental character.
5. The advice tendered by the Regional Committee will normally be accepted by the Government and the State Legislature. In case of difference of opinion, reference will be made to the Governor whose decision will be binding.
6. The Regional Committee will deal with following matters:
§ Development and economic planning within the framework of the general development plans formulated by the State Legislature.
§ Local Self Government, that is to say, the Constitutional powers of Municipal Corporations, Improvement Trusts, District Boards and district authorities for the purpose of Local Self Government or Village Administation.
§ Public health and sanitation, local hospitals and dispensaries.
§ Primary and secondary education.
§ Regulation of admission to the educational institutions in the telangana region.
§ Prohibition
§ Sale of agricultural lands.
§ Cottage and small scale Industries, and Agriculture, Cooperative Societies, Markets and Fairs. Unless revised by agreement earlier this arrangement will be reviewed after ten years.
7. Domicile Rules : A temporary provision be made to ensure that for a period of five years, Telangana is regarded as a unit as far as recruitment to subordinate services in the is concerned; posts borne on the cadre of these services may be reserved for being filled up by persons who satisfy the domicile conditions as prescribed under the existing Hyderabad Mulki Rules. ( 12 years of Stay in Telangana area)
8. Distribution of expenditure between Telangana and Andhra Regions--- Allocation of expenditure with the resources of the state is a matter which falls within the purview of the State Government and the State Legislature.. Since , however, it has been agreed to the representatives of Andhra and Telangana that the expenditure of the new state on central and general administration should be borne proportionately by the two regions and the balance of income should be reserved for expenditure on the development of Telangana area, it is open to the state government to act in accordance with the terms of agreement in making budgetary allocations. The Government of India propose to invite the attention of the Chief Ministrer of Andhra to this particular understanding and to express the hope that it will be implemented.
9. The existing educational facilities including Technical Education in Telangana should be secured to the students of Telangana and further improved---
10. The cabinet will consist of members in proportion of 60:40 percent for Andhra and telangana respectively, out of 40 % of Telangana ministers, one will be a Muslim from Telangana. If the Chief Minister is from one region the other region should be given Dy Chief Ministership.

Signatories:
Andhra region :
Bezawada Gopal Reddy
Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
G.Lachanna
Alluri Satyanarayana Raju

Telangana Region
B. Ram Krishna Rao
K.V. Ranga Reddy
M. Channa Reddy
J.V. Narsing Rao

So far, it looks fine, but will this agreement was in operational? Why Jai Telangana movement started after 13 years?